With the evolution from LTE to 5G NR, wireless networks have gained the ability to support extremely wide channel bandwidths—sometimes up to 100 MHz in sub-6 GHz bands (FR1) and up to 400 MHz in mmWave bands (FR2). While this flexibility unlocks unprecedented peak data rates, it also creates new challenges for both network operators and UE. Not every UE is capable, or needs, to always process the entire bandwidth.

Time Alignment Error (TAE) refers to the discrepancies in frame timing between different antennas within a base station.

The architecture of transmitters and receivers is a fundamental aspect of communication systems, particularly in the context of wireless